A kidney stone, also known as renal calculus and the medical term used for whichNephrolithiasis, is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. The cause of which varies from Dehydration from reduced fluid intake or dietary factors or infection in the urinary track.
The stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. Tiny stones may cause no symptoms, but larger stones can cause excruciating pain in the area between the ribs and hips. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause obstruction of the ureter.
Usually, an imaging test and an analysis of urine are done to diagnose stones.
Sometimes, changing the diet can prevent stone formation.
And Stones that do not pass on their own are removed with lithotripsy or an endoscopic technique.
Depending on where a stone forms, it may be called a kidney stone, ureteral stone, or bladder stone. Kidney stones are more common in men than women and lead to excruciating intermittent pain.
The most typical symptom is fluctuating pain, which can be excruciating. Many types of renal stones, particularly phosphate stones, are asymptomatic or ‘silent’, unless they accompany an infection or an obstruction. In most cases flow of urine is blocked and there is back pain or pain along the sides, just below the ribs.
Most patients complain of fixed, intermittent dull pain in the loins, or in region of the kidneys, which is aggravated by movement and gets better while resting. Severe pain occurs if the stone gets lodged in the ureter. Pain may increase steadily and peak in a few minutes radiating to the flanks, testis or labium.
The Other symptoms of kidney stone include profuse sweating and pallor occur with pain, at times, Nausea and vomiting, Chills and fevers, Blood tinged or cloudy urine, Foul smelling urine, Constant urge to urinate and Recurrent urinary infection.
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